This study was conducted to assess the adaptive strategies for improving soil fertility among smallholder farmers from five Local Government Areas in Sokoto State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 150 respondents for the study, and semi-structured questionnaire was used to gather information on socioeconomic characteristics, soil fertility practices, and the adaptive strategy challenges of the respondents. The results showed that many smallholder farmers in the study area were using one or more soil conservation methods, with 93% of the respondents in Wammako LGA, 90% in Dange-Shuni LGA, 86% in Kware LGA, 83% in Bodinga LGA and 80% in Wurno LGA. The common soil conservation practices are Terracing, Cover Cropping, Irrigation, and Contour Ploughing. This study depicted that educational level plays a significant role in adopting and adapting various modern soil and nutrient conservation techniques, such as agroforestry and conservation tillage. The study emphasised the necessity of customised measures such as farmers' training and capacity building to enhance soil health and agricultural productivity. The findings of this study therefore served as a basis for creating regulations that support sustainable agricultural methods that could guarantee long-term food security in Sokoto State in particular and Nigeria in particular.