NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF FORESTRY
Comparative Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation from Industrial and Natural Forests in Soil and Teak Plantations
Olayiwola, V. A.

This study assessed the bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Mn) in Teak (Tectona grandis) parts from teak stands located in both industrial and natural forest environments in southwestern Nigeria. The objective was to evaluate Teak’s potential as a bioindicator and a viable candidate for phytoremediation. Soil, bark, and leaf samples were collected from British America Tobacco (BAT), Ibadan-Lagos Expressway, between September 2016 and July 2018 and analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) to determine their heavy metal concentration A two-factor factor factorial was used to determine the effects of location, sample type, and their interaction on heavy metal accumulation. The results revealed significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) among the sample with topsoil and subsoil consistently recording higher concentrations of all metals compared to bark and leaves of teak. The order of metal abundance varied by sample type: Leaf: Zn > Pb > Cd > Cu > Mn; Bark: Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > Mn; Topsoil and Subsoil: Mn > Zn > Cu > Cd > Pb. Manganese was undetected in plant tissues but was present in soils, peaking at 922 mg/kg in the topsoil. A significant interaction was observed for copper, particularly between the third and fourth, and the tenth to twelfth months of sampling. Despite industrial and vehicular influence at BAT, heavy metal levels in plant tissues remained below FAO/WHO phytotoxic thresholds. The elevated levels of Zn and Cu in the plant bark suggest atmospheric deposition, possibly facilitated by bark porosity. These findings underscore Teak’s utility in environmental monitoring and phytoremediation, particularly for Zn, Cu, and Pb.